87.040 (Paints and varnishes) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D5200-03 测定气溶胶瓶中溶剂型漆挥发物质重量百分比的标准试验方法

This test method is the procedure of choice for determining the volatile content in aerosol coatings under specified test conditions modeled after Method 354 . The inverse value, nonvolatile, is used to determine the weight percent solids content. This information is useful to the paint producer, user, and to environmental interests for determining the grams of volatile organic compounds per gram of solids emitted from aerosol cans. FIG. 1 Adapter Glass Tube Assembly1.1 This test method is for the determination of the weight percent volatile organic compounds of solvent-borne paints in aerosol cans. It offers a unique way to obtain paint specimens from aerosol cans. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific hazard statement is given in Note 1.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Weight Percent Volatile Content of Solvent-Borne Paints in Aerosol Cans

ASTM D4834-03(2008) 用直接吸气的原子吸收光谱法测定涂料中铅的标准试验方法

Current U.S. regulations restrict the amount of lead that may be present in consumer paint products to less than 0.06 % based on the total solids. This test method provides a rapid means for screening paints to determine compliance with those regulations. The test method may be adjusted to meet regulations with a different limit on lead content.1.1 This test method is intended as a screening test to determine if the solids in a paint contain more than 0.06 % lead. The test described can differentiate between 0.05 and 0.06 %. Paints giving a result greater than 0.05 % should be analyzed quantitatively for lead using Test Method D 3335. This test method provides a more definitive and reliable screening test than Test Method D 3618. 1.2 There is no reason to believe that higher levels of lead could not be determined by this test method provided that appropriate dilutions and adjustments in specimen size and reagent quantities are made. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Detection of Lead in Paint by Direct Aspiration Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

ASTM D2697-03(2014) 清漆或者色漆中不挥发物体积的标准试验方法

4.1 This test method is intended to provide a measure of the volume of dry coating obtainable from a given volume of liquid coating. This value is useful for comparing the coverage (square feet of surface covered at a specified dry film thickness per unit volume) obtainable with different coating products. 4.2 For various reasons the value obtained may not be equal to that predicted from simple additivity of the weights and volumes of the raw materials in a formulation. One reason is that the volume occupied by a solution of resin in solvent may be the same, greater, or less than the total volume of the separate ingredients: such contraction or expansion in resin solutions is governed by a number of factors, one of which is the extent and direction of spread between solubility parameters of the resin and solvent. 4.3 The spatial configuration of the pigment particles and the degree to which the spaces between the pigment particles are filled with the binder also affect the volume of a dry coating formulation. Above the critical pigment volume concentration, the apparent volume of the dry film is significantly greater than theoretical due to the increase in unfilled voids between pigment particles. The use of volume nonvolatile matter values in such instances should be carefully considered as the increased volume is largely due to air trapped in these voids. 1.1 This test method is believed to be applicable to the determination of the volume of nonvolatile matter of a variety of coatings. An interlaboratory study to establish the precision of this test method included a water-reducible exterior latex paint and three automotive coatings that included a solvent-reducible primer surfacer, water reducible primer surfacer, water reducible enamel topcoat, and acrylic dispersion lacquer topcoat. Earlier collaborative studies included a gloss enamel, a flat wall paint, a gloss house enamel, an industrial baking enamel, an interior latex paint, and an exterior latex paint. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear or Pigmented Coatings

ASTM D4457-02(2014) 使用气相色谱仪直接注入法测定涂料和清漆中二氯甲烷和1,1,1-三氯乙烷的标准试验方法

4.1 Use of 1,1,1-trichloroethane and dichloromethane, which do not measurably contribute to the atmospheric oxidant level, is a way for industry to meet government or other regulations on volatile organic compounds. This test method is designed to determine the content of these halohydrocarbon solvents in paints and coatings. That content can subsequently be used in calculating the volatile organic compound content of a coating. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of total amount of dichloromethane or 1,1,1-trichloroethane, or both, in paints and coatings. It has been evaluated for cellulose nitrate, alkyd, vinyl, and styrene-butadiene systems. It has not yet been evaluated for other formulations, but is believed to be applicable. The established working range of this test method is from 31 to 658201;% for 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 32 to 788201;% for dichloromethane. There is no reason to believe it will not work outside of these ranges. The presence of 1-propanol in paints and coatings requires the use of a different internal standard. (See also Practice E260.) 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Dichloromethane and 1,1,1-Trichloroethane in Paints and Coatings by Direct Injection into a Gas Chromatograph

ASTM D6762-02e1 通过喷涂层的外观评价测定涂料遮盖能力的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method provides for the quantitative visual determination of the film thickness required to achieve full hiding. This film thickness is considered to be the hiding power of a test paint.1.2 This method applies only to spray applied coatings but its concepts are valid for other methods of application as well.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determining the Hiding Power of Paint by Visual Evaluation of Spray Applied Coatings

ASTM D5087-02 测定含溶剂汽车涂层释放的和在挥发有机化合物控制装置中可除去的挥发有机化合物总量的标准试验方法

This test method provides basic engineering data that may be used to determine the amount of VOC available for delivery at the inlet of a VOC control device (particularly for the automobile industry).7 Typically, the procedure is useful for establishing the quantity of VOC that is evolved from the coating in the baking oven and available to be incinerated, although the same procedure can be followed for other forms of VOC abatement (that is, carbon, adsorption, etc.). This test method may be adaptable for use directly in a production environment if all the critical factors (for example, temperature, cleanliness, vibration, accessibility, etc.) can be adequately controlled. The total amount of VOC removed from the process by the VOC control device is a function of the amount available as given by this test method combined with the VOC removal efficiency of the control device.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of volatile organic compound (VOC) released from applied solventborne automotive coatings that is available for delivery to a VOC control device. This is accomplished by measuring the weight loss of a freshly coated test panel subjected to solvent evaporation or baking in a laboratory simulation of the production process.1.2 This test method is applicable to the VOC released from flashoff and baking operations after the paint has been applied.1.3 This test method is applicable to solventborne automotive coating materials and is intended to represent or simulate the production process. The same general principles apply to waterborne coatings that contain volatile organic compounds (VOC), although specific procedural details are not presented herein to differentiate between VOC and water.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determining Amount of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Released from Solventborne Automotive Coatings and Available for Removal in a VOC Control Device (Abatement)

ASTM D1308-02 家用化学品对透明和着色有机面漆影响的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers determination of the effect of household chemicals on clear and pigmented organic finishes, resulting in any objectionable alteration in the surface, such as discoloration, change in gloss, blistering, softening, swelling, loss of adhesion, or special phenomena. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Effect of Household Chemicals on Clear and Pigmented Organic Finishes

ASTM D5087-02(2014) 测定含溶剂汽车涂层释放的和在挥发性有机化合物控制装置中可除去(减少)的挥发性有机化合物(VOC)总量的标准试验方法

4.1 This test method provides basic engineering data that may be used to determine the amount of VOC available for delivery at the inlet of a VOC control device (particularly for the automobile industry).6 Typically, the procedure is useful for establishing the quantity of VOC that is evolved from the coating in the baking oven and available to be incinerated, although the same procedure can be followed for other forms of VOC abatement (that is, carbon, adsorption, etc.). 4.2 This test method may be adaptable for use directly in a production environment if all the critical factors (for example, temperature, cleanliness, vibration, accessibility, etc.) can be adequately controlled. 4.3 The total amount of VOC removed from the process by the VOC control device is a function of the amount available as given by this test method combined with the VOC removal efficiency of the control device. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of volatile organic compound (VOC) released from applied solventborne automotive coatings that is available for delivery to a VOC control device. This is accomplished by measuring the weight loss of a freshly coated test panel subjected to solvent evaporation or baking in a laboratory simulation of the production process. 1.2 This test method is applicable to the VOC released from flashoff and baking operations after the paint has been applied. 1.3 This test method is applicable to solventborne automotive coating materials and is intended to represent or simulate the production process. The same general principles apply to waterborne coatings that contain volatile organic compounds (VOC), although specific procedural details are not presented herein to differentiate between VOC and water. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determining Amount of Volatile Organic Compound 40;VOC41; Released from Solventborne Automotive Coatings and Available for Removal in a VOC Control Device 40;Abatement41;

ASTM D4541-02 用手提式粘合试验仪测定涂层脱落强度的标准试验方法

The pull-off strength of a coating is an important performance property that has been used in specifications. This test method serves as a means for uniformly preparing and testing coated surfaces, and evaluating and reporting the results. This test method is applicable to any portable apparatus meeting the basic requirements for determining the pull-off strength of a coating. Variations in results obtained using different devices or different substrates with the same coating are possible (see Appendix X1). Therefore, it is recommended that the type of apparatus and the substrate be mutually agreed upon between the interested parties. The purchaser or specifier shall designate a specific test method, that is, A, B, C, D or E, when calling out this standard.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for evaluating the pull-off strength (commonly referred to as adhesion) of a coating on rigid substrates such as metal, concrete or wood. The test determines either the greatest perpendicular force (in tension) that a surface area can bear before a plug of material is detached, or whether the surface remains intact at a prescribed force (pass/fail). Failure will occur along the weakest plane within the system comprised of the test fixture, adhesive, coating system, and substrate, and will be exposed by the fracture surface. This test method maximizes tensile stress as compared to the shear stress applied by other methods, such as scratch or knife adhesion, and results may not be comparable.1.2 Pull-off strength measurements depend upon both material and instrumental parameters. Results obtained by each test method may give different results. Results should only be assessed for each test method and not be compared with other instruments. There are five instrument types, identified as Test Methods A-E. It is imperative to identify the test method used when reporting results.1.3 This test method uses a class of apparatus known as portable pull-off adhesion testers. They are capable of applying a concentric load and counter load to a single surface so that coatings can be tested even though only one side is accessible. Measurements are limited by the strength of adhesion bonds between the loading fixture and the specimen surface or the cohesive strengths of the adhesive, coating layers, and substrate.1.4 This test can be destructive and spot repairs may be necessary.1.5 The values stated in MPa (inch-pound) units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings Using Portable Adhesion Testers

ASTM D1308-02e1 家用化学品对透明和着色有机面漆影响的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers determination of the effect of household chemicals on clear and pigmented organic finishes, resulting in any objectionable alteration in the surface, such as discoloration, change in gloss, blistering, softening, swelling, loss of adhesion, or special phenomena.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Effect of Household Chemicals on Clear and Pigmented Organic Finishes

ASTM D4457-02 直接注入气相色谱仪法测定涂料及涂层中二氯甲烷和1,1,1-三氯乙烷的标准试验方法

Use of 1,1,1-trichloroethane and dichloromethane, which do not measurably contribute to the atmospheric oxidant level, is a way for industry to meet government or other regulations on volatile organic compounds. This test method is designed to determine the content of these halohydrocarbon solvents in paints and coatings. That content can subsequently be used in calculating the volatile organic compound content of a coating. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of total amount of dichloromethane or 1,1,1-trichloroethane, or both, in paints and coatings. It has been evaluated for cellulose nitrate, alkyd, vinyl, and styrene-butadiene systems. It has not yet been evaluated for other formulations, but is believed to be applicable. The established working range of this test method is from 31 to 65 % for 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 32 to 78 % for dichloromethane. There is no reason to believe it will not work outside of these ranges. The presence of 1-propanol in paints and coatings requires the use of a different internal standard. (See also Practice E 260.) 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Dichloromethane and 1,1,1-Trichloroethane in Paints and Coatings by Direct Injection into a Gas Chromatograph

ASTM D56-02 用泰格(Tag)密封试验器测定闪点的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flash point, by tag manual and automated closed testers, of liquids with a viscosity below 5.5 mm2/s (cSt) at 40176;C (104176;F), or below 9.5 mm2/s (cSt) at 25176;C (77176;F), and a flash point below 93176;C (200176;F).1.1.1 For the closed-cup flash point of liquids with the following properties: a viscosity of 5.5 mm2/s (cSt) or more at 40176;C (104176;F); a viscosity of 9.5 mm2/s (cSt) or more at 25176;C (77176;F); a flash point of 93176;C (200176;F) or higher; a tendency to form a surface film under test conditions; or containing suspended solids, Test Method D 93 can be used.1.1.2 For cut-back asphalts refer to Test Methods D 1310 and D 3143. Note 18212;The U.S. Department of Transportation (RSTA) and U.S. Department of Labor (OSHA) have established that liquids with a flash point under 37.8176;C (100176;F) are flammable as determined by this test method for those liquids that have a viscosity less than 5.5 mm2/s (cSt) at 40176;C (104176;F) or 9.5 mm2/s (cSt) or less at 25176;C (77176;F), or do not contain suspended solids or do not have a tendency to form a surface film while under test. Other flash point classifications have been established by these departments for liquids using this test method.1.2 This test method can be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and cannot be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test method can be used as elements of fire risk assessment that takes into account all of the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.1.3 Related Standards are Test Methods D 93, D 1310, D 3828, D 3278, and D 3941.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see 8.2 and 8.3 and refer to Material Safety Data Sheets.

Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester

ASTM D4017-02(2008)e1 卡尔·费舍尔法测定涂料及相关物质中水份的标准试验方法

Control of water content is often important in controlling the performance of paint and paint ingredients, and it is critical in controlling volatile organic compound (VOC) content. Paint materials are often insoluble in common Karl Fischer solvents such as methanol. Pyridine has been found to be a nearly universal solvent for these materials; however, the Karl Fischer reaction is too slow in that solvent at room temperature. To speed it up, 1-ethylpiperidine is added at 5 % as a buffer, or “catalyst.” For nonpyridine-based reagents, a number of different solvent systems are available to increase solubility and to minimize interferences from ketones and aldehydes.1.1 This test method is applicable to all paints and paint materials, including resins, monomers, and solvents, with the exception of aldehydes and certain active metals, metal oxides, and metal hydroxides. While the evaluation was limited to pigmented products containing amounts of water in the 30 to 70 % range, there is reason to believe that higher and lower concentrations can be determined by this test method. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.

Standard Test Method for Water in Paints and Paint Materials by Karl Fischer Method

ASTM D714-02(2009) 涂料起泡程度评价的标准试验方法

A phenomenon peculiar to painted surfaces is the formation of blisters relative to some system weakness. This test method provides a standard procedure of describing the size and density of the blisters so that comparisons of severity can be made.1.1 This test method employs photographic reference standards to evaluate the degree of blistering that may develop when paint systems are subjected to conditions which will cause blistering. While primarily intended for use on metal and other nonporous surfaces, this test method may be used to evaluate blisters on porous surfaces, such as wood, if the size of blisters falls within the scope of these reference standards. When the reference standards are used as a specification of performance, the permissible degree of blistering of the paint system shall be agreed upon by the purchaser and the seller. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of Paints

ASTM C1520-02 乳胶密封剂可涂性标准指南

The intent of this guide is to provide the reader with information concerning possible reasons for paint failures where the paint is used over a latex sealant.1.1 This guide describes the practical considerations that may be used to determine the compatibility of a paint or coating to be applied over a latex sealant or caulk. It evaluates the appearance and not the performance characteristics of the coated or painted joint.1.2 The committee with jurisdiction over this standard is not aware of any comparable standards published by other organizations.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

Standard Guide for Paintability of Latex Sealants

ASTM D2338-02 彩色喷漆颗粒大小测定的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method employs photographic reference standards to evaluate the particle size of multicolor lacquers.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determining Particle Size of Multicolor Lacquers

ASTM D4082-02 Υ射线对轻水核电站用涂层影响的标准试验方法

Variations can occur in surface preparation, application, and curing of coating materials. They may affect the performance of a coating system exposed to radiation when considered in conjunction with applicable engineered safety requirements. This test method is designed to provide a uniform test to assess the suitability of coatings, used in nuclear power facilities, under continuous radiation exposure for the projected 40-year lifetime of the facilities, including radiation during a DBA. Specific plant radiation exposure may exceed or be less than the amount specified in 6.2 of this standard. The gamma dose used may exceed the actual anticipated plant gamma dose in order to account for expected beta exposure as well. Coatings in Level II areas (outside primary containment) are expected to be exposed to lower accumulated radiation doses.1.1 This test method covers a standard procedure for evaluating the lifetime radiation tolerance of coatings to be used in nuclear power plants. This test method is applicable to Coating Service Levels I and II.

Standard Test Method for Effects of Gamma Radiation on Coatings for Use in Light-Water Nuclear Power Plants

ASTM D5965-02(2007) 涂层粉末的比重的标准试验方法

Test Method A is a less expensive method of determining specific gravity of coating powders, excluding metallics, that produced less precise results than Test Method B. Test Method B provides better precision at higher cost and includes metallics, although different models produced different grand averages for each of the three samples tested. Test Method C is commonly used by the powder coating industry to estimate the coverage of a powder coating at a given thickness,using the theoretical specific gravity calculated from those of the raw materials. 1.1 These test methods cover three procedures for determining the specific gravity (see definition) of coating powders, as follows: TEST METHOD A—For Testing Coating Powders, Excluding Metallics TEST METHOD B—For Tests Requiring Greater Precision than Test Method A, Including Metallics, Using Helium Pycnometry TEST METHOD C—For Theoretical Calculation Based on Raw Material Specific Gravities 1.2 Test Method A can be used as a less expensive method with reduced accuracy for determining the specific gravity of coating powders, excluding metallics. 1.3 The ideal gas law forms the basis for all calculations used in the Test Method B determination of density of coating powders. 1.4 Test Method B includes procedures that provided acceptable results for samples analyzed during round robin testing. 1.5 Test Method B uses SI units as standard. State all numerical values in terms of SI units unless specific instrumentation software reports surface area using alternate units. Many instruments report density as g/cm3, instead of using SI units (kg/m3). 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Coating Powders

ASTM D714-02 涂料起泡程度评价的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method employs photographic reference standards to evaluate the degree of blistering that may develop when paint systems are subjected to conditions which will cause blistering. While primarily intended for use on metal and other nonporous surfaces, this test method may be used to evaluate blisters on porous surfaces, such as wood, if the size of blisters falls within the scope of these reference standards. When the reference standards are used as a specification of performance, the permissible degree of blistering of the paint system shall be agreed upon by the purchaser and the seller.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of Paints

ASTM D714-02e1 涂料起泡程度评价的标准试验方法

A phenomenon peculiar to painted surfaces is the formation of blisters relative to some system weakness. This test method provides a standard procedure of describing the size and density of the blisters so that comparisons of severity can be made.1.1 This test method employs photographic reference standards to evaluate the degree of blistering that may develop when paint systems are subjected to conditions which will cause blistering. While primarily intended for use on metal and other nonporous surfaces, this test method may be used to evaluate blisters on porous surfaces, such as wood, if the size of blisters falls within the scope of these reference standards. When the reference standards are used as a specification of performance, the permissible degree of blistering of the paint system shall be agreed upon by the purchaser and the seller.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of Paints